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Structure of Scientific Revolutions of Thomas Kuhn

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Paradigm is a philosophical and theoretical framework of a scientific school or discipline in which theories, laws, and generalizations are formulated and supported by experiments. It is a set of beliefs and concepts of a group of people, a set of theories, assumptions, and ideas that influence your worldview or create a framework by which you operate on a daily basis. Structure of Scientific Revolutions of Thomas Kuhn  Thomas Samuel Kuhn is one of the most influential philosophers of science of the twentieth century, perhaps the most influential. His 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is one of the most cited academic books of all time. Kuhn’s contribution to the philosophy of science marked not only a break with several key positivist doctrines, but also inaugurated a new style of philosophy of science that brought it closer to the history of science. Kuhn investigated the history of science and the philosophy of scientific approaches, asking what ideas were concei...
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Will Kymlicka - Kinds of Minority Rights

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  Will Kymlicka is the Canada Research Chair in Political Philosophy in the Philosophy Department at Queen's University in Kingston, Canada, where he has taught since 1998. His research interests focus on issues of democracy and diversity, and in particular on models of citizenship and social justice within multicultural societies. He has published eight books and over 200 articles, which have been translated into 34 languages, and has received several awards, including Honorary Doctorates from the University of Copenhagen in 2013 and KU Leuven in 2014, the 2019 Gold Medal from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and the 2021 Pierre Chauveau Medal from the Royal Society of Canada. The recognition of the rights of minorities is a topic of debate in recent times. It has implications for a theory of liberal democracy. Especially, the communitarian critique of liberalism has been presented as a strong defense of the community against individualism. Will Kyml...
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¨I HAVE A DREAM¨

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 CLASS 3 I Have a Dream is Martin Luther King Jr.'s most famous speech, because he was a prominent social activist who led the American civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s. He was influenced by historical figures like Gandhi. King spread the message of equity and social recognition for victims of injustice, African-Americans, and low-income residents. Dr. Martin Luther King begins his speech by talking about the Emancipation Proclamation by saying: ¨Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity¨ (Luther King, 1963). To better understand the above, we must take into account that President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the country approached its t...
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Multiculturalism

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CLASS 2 Diversity and unity has been used in a variety of ways (descriptive and normative sense). In addition to this, multiculturalism is an ideological “space” rather than a political ideology in its own right, is an arena in which increasingly important debates take place about the balance in modern societies between cultural diversity and civic unity. As a result, multiculturalism is a form of identity politics. Identity, in this sense, connects the individual to society, to culture, and regards the individual as being “embedded” in a particular cultural, social, institutional or ideological context. Glossary: Multiculturalism: can be identified in the following themes: postcolonialism, identity and culture, minority rights and diversity. And multiculturalism itself can be seen as one of the seeds of postcolonialism.  Descriptive Multiculturalism: it refers to cultural diversity resulting from the existence in society of two or more groups. Normative Multiculturalism:  thi...
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What do we know about Indigenous People?

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 CLASS 1  Firstly, we had the introduction of the class, and we saw the three main points of the semester: 1. Multiculturalism 2. Cultural diversity 3. Reconciliation Basically, in this class, we'll learn how to provide scientific reflection and a critical look created by cultural studies. Moreover, we will return to some topics seen in the past semester to understand what we will learn later.  Resume of the interview: Juan Jose Moreno, works in the Secretary of Economic Development for Indigenous People in Oaxaca where he made 6 programs to help people who live there, some of these programs are: lenguas vivas, ventanas de conocimiento, mujeres del maiz, etcetera.  Lic. Moreno also told us that Oaxaca has major Cultural Linguistics Diversity due to it has 16 languages, divides between 8 regions, and it's the second state with more afro population.   On the other hand, Lic. Moreno explained that the principal economic boom are all the celebrations that they ...
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